Packet forwarding
1) Unicast
- sending of messages to a single network destination identified by a unique address
- a host sends datagrams to another single host identified by a unique IP address
- involves a packet being relayed from link to link along a chain leading from the packet's source to its destination
2) Multicast
- sends data only to interested destinations by using special address assignments
- limits the pool of receivers to those that join a specific multicast receiver group
- a packet is selectively duplicated and copies delivered to each of a set of recipients
3) Broadcast
- transmitting the same data to all possible destinations
- a method of transferring a message to all recipients simultaneously
- transmitting a packet that will be received by every device on the network
- requires a packet to be duplicated and copies sent on multiple links with the goal of delivering a copy to every device on the network
- Ethernet is natural broadcast media — all the nodes are attached to a single long cable and a packet transmitted by one device is seen by every other device attached to the cable. Ethernet nodes implement unicast by ignoring packets not directly addressed to them.
- IPv4
- Broadcast address: A message sent to a broadcast address is typically received by all network-attached hosts, rather than by a specific host.
4) Anycast
5) Geocast
1) Unicast
- sending of messages to a single network destination identified by a unique address
- a host sends datagrams to another single host identified by a unique IP address
- involves a packet being relayed from link to link along a chain leading from the packet's source to its destination
2) Multicast
- sends data only to interested destinations by using special address assignments
- limits the pool of receivers to those that join a specific multicast receiver group
- a packet is selectively duplicated and copies delivered to each of a set of recipients
3) Broadcast
- transmitting the same data to all possible destinations
- a method of transferring a message to all recipients simultaneously
- transmitting a packet that will be received by every device on the network
- requires a packet to be duplicated and copies sent on multiple links with the goal of delivering a copy to every device on the network
- Ethernet is natural broadcast media — all the nodes are attached to a single long cable and a packet transmitted by one device is seen by every other device attached to the cable. Ethernet nodes implement unicast by ignoring packets not directly addressed to them.
- IPv4
- Broadcast address: A message sent to a broadcast address is typically received by all network-attached hosts, rather than by a specific host.
4) Anycast
5) Geocast
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